The social content on this page ("Content"), including but not limited to tweets and statistics provided by LunarCrush, is sourced from third parties and provided "as is" for informational purposes only. OKX does not guarantee the quality or accuracy of the Content, and the Content does not represent the views of OKX. It is not intended to provide (i) investment advice or recommendation; (ii) an offer or solicitation to buy, sell or hold digital assets; or (iii) financial, accounting, legal or tax advice. Digital assets, including stablecoins and NFTs, involve a high degree of risk, can fluctuate greatly. The price and performance of the digital assets are not guaranteed and may change without notice. OKX does not provide investment or asset recommendations. You should carefully consider whether trading or holding digital assets is suitable for you in light of your financial condition. Please consult your legal/tax/investment professional for questions about your specific circumstances. For further details, please refer to our Terms of Use and Risk Warning. By using the third-party website ("TPW"), you accept that any use of the TPW will be subject to and governed by the terms of the TPW. Unless expressly stated in writing, OKX and its affiliates (“OKX”) are not in any way associated with the owner or operator of the TPW. You agree that OKX is not responsible or liable for any loss, damage and any other consequences arising from your use of the TPW. Please be aware that using a TPW may result in a loss or diminution of your assets. Product may not be available in all jurisdictions.
DAI market info
Market cap
Market cap is calculated by multiplying the circulating supply of a coin with its latest price. Market cap = Circulating supply × Last price
Circulating supply
Total amount of a coin that is publicly available on the market.
Market cap ranking
A coin's ranking in terms of market cap value.
All-time high
Highest price a coin has reached in its trading history.
All-time low
Lowest price a coin has reached in its trading history.
🍿Hello Spark @sparkdotfi family!
This is the @cookiedotfun of the Countdown Chapter
This journey is coming to an end, so please check your ranking again, make sure your wallet is bound correctly, and make the final preparations.
Along the way, we are walking side by side with Spark, delving into DeFi and sharing our hopes for the future. Project analysis, airdrop strategies, and information follow-up have recorded our sweat and persistence. Maybe I don't have many points and the ranking doesn't meet my expectations, but every bit of growth makes me happy, and I am even happier to meet the best of you
Spark is more like a capital scheduling hub in the DeFi world.
It allows stablecoins such as DAI and USDC to efficiently flow to the corners of the market with the strongest market demand.
From partnering with @pendle_fi to launch time-weighted yields to introducing 200 million DAI liquidity through the Maker D3M module, Spark is building an ecosystem that spans lending, derivatives, and RWA.
In a short period of time, Spark's TVL has been firmly at the forefront of DeFi.
It has nearly tripled from the low point at the beginning of the year, with more than 177,000 ecological users and a 24-hour trading volume of $182 million $SPK.
The DeFi arena is huge, but Spark connects us hand-in-hand. Although Twitter is small, the enthusiasm of the friends is never absent! I hope that when we talk about Spark again in the future, it has become a DeFi benchmark with a market value of more than 1 billion and a TVL of more than 10 billion.
In this journey, I hope that everyone will not only gain wealth and knowledge, but also gain trust and friendship with each other.
Goodbye, hello
Ignite the next spark 💥 in Spark
Show original
4.67K
0
常为希 ｜加密保安🔸🚢🇺🇸
The market capitalization (MC) of stablecoins exceeding $100 million is categorized into centralized and decentralized types, with the decentralized category further divided into over-collateralized, delta-neutral, collateralized, and algorithmic + collateralized categories.
The total market capitalization of centralized stablecoins is significantly higher than that of decentralized ones.
USDT ($155 billion) and USDC ($61 billion) dominate, collectively controlling a large portion of the centralized stablecoin market (about 85%).
Other centralized stablecoins (such as USD1, FDUSD, PYUSD, etc.) have market capitalizations ranging from $100 million to $2.2 billion, indicating that small to medium-sized projects are also attempting to enter the market. PayPal's PYUSD ($1 billion) shows that traditional financial giants are starting to venture into the stablecoin space.
Over-collateralized: Represented by USDS + DAI ($7.1 billion + $3.7 billion), this category relies on over-collateralized crypto assets (such as ETH) to maintain stability, with a relatively balanced market capitalization distribution.
Delta-neutral: USDe ($5.6 billion) leads, with this mechanism achieving price stability through hedging strategies (such as perpetual futures), offering high capital efficiency.
The total market capitalization of centralized stablecoins far exceeds that of decentralized ones, reflecting the current market's preference for stable solutions backed by institutions.
The diversified mechanisms of decentralized stablecoins, such as delta-neutral and algorithmic stability, demonstrate the potential for technological innovation.
Show original
27.77K
5
Panzuki.eth⚡️
The only thing up right now in my portfolio are my stablecoins. 🆙
$usdc #usd1 $dai
19.76K
8
Whale🐳🐳🐳#
$DAI
HBqrrZsVcYNtiQDCJghwapgS1gMmgbURLcGLh8FGpump
Almost this is the narrative.,The green octopus posted a post and then the old horse interacted with the dark AI mocking meaning around 130k Get in the car!
#DAI #SOL
Show original
18.37K
2
DaDa | 蓝鸟会🕊️
[Spark and MakerDAO: Not an affiliate, but a structural division of labor in on-chain finance]
Many people think that Spark is a "sub-protocol" of MakerDAO, but from the perspective of governance path, product structure, and financial functions, it is more like a "business middle platform" in MakerDAO's financial ecology - taking on actual capital operation responsibilities and serving the stablecoin ecosystem.
The existence of Spark is a true embodiment of the "modular" trend of on-chain financial infrastructure.
1. Structural division: The three layers of roles have their own positioning
We can consider MakerDAO, Sky Protocol, and Spark as a three-tier structure of "central-middle-office-business front" on the chain:
(1) MakerDAO: Responsible for the issuance of DAI, interest rate policy formulation, and systematic governance, and is the "central bank" of the entire system.
(2) Sky Protocol: Responsible for building the protocol governance framework, formulating governance parameters, and coordinating subordinate agreements, which is the role of "supervision + finance".
(3) Spark: As a DeFi protocol managed by Sky, it provides lending, savings, and liquidity scheduling, and is the role of a "commercial bank", directly facing users and asset flows.
Second, the core linkage mechanism
Spark doesn't operate in isolation, and its relationship with MakerDAO is at a core level:
(1) Interest rate linkage: Spark's savings module directly uses DSR (DAI Saving Rate) as the basis of interest rate, and keeps pace with Maker.
(2) Synchronization of collateral structure: Most of the asset types supported by Spark are derived from Maker's risk parameter system, inheriting its liquidation model and risk setting logic.
(3) Sharing of governance mechanisms: Although Spark has not yet fully enabled SPK governance, its current governance decisions are implemented by Sky, and the maker-style proposal and parameter setting process is followed.
(4) Security module docking: Important components such as Oracle modules, oracle sources, and liquidation mechanisms are borrowed from the Maker system to ensure the underlying stability.
3. Summary: Spark is an experimental unit of decentralized governance of DeFi systems
In traditional finance, "central bank + commercial bank + financial supervision" is the core of the system. Spark is positioned to simulate a similar structure of responsibilities:
(1) It does not bear the risk of currency issuance, but actually dispatches interest rates and funds;
(2) It does not directly formulate system governance rules, but feeds back real user behaviors and preferences;
(3) It does not compete for control of DAI, but can directly affect DAI's interest rate anchoring performance on the chain.
Spark is a deep-water experiment of MakerDAO in a modular financial system, which allows us to see how on-chain finance can decouple and distribute "power and function" in the future, while ensuring that the system works together.
@sparkdotfi @cookiedotfun #Spark #SparkFinance #COOKIE
Show original
52.13K
139
DAI price performance in USD
The current price of DAI is $0.99990. Over the last 24 hours, DAI has decreased by -0.01%. It currently has a circulating supply of 3,657,886,058 DAI and a maximum supply of 3,659,025,703 DAI, giving it a fully diluted market cap of $3.66B. At present, DAI holds the 0 position in market cap rankings. The DAI/USD price is updated in real-time.
The rating provided is an aggregated rating collected by OKX from the sources provided and is for informational purpose only. OKX does not guarantee the quality or accuracy of the ratings. It is not intended to provide (i) investment advice or recommendation; (ii) an offer or solicitation to buy, sell or hold digital assets; or (iii) financial, accounting, legal or tax advice. Digital assets, including stablecoins and NFTs, involve a high degree of risk, can fluctuate greatly, and can even become worthless. The price and performance of the digital assets are not guaranteed and may change without notice. Your digital assets are not covered by insurance against potential losses. Historical returns are not indicative of future returns. OKX does not guarantee any return, repayment of principal or interest. OKX does not provide investment or asset recommendations. You should carefully consider whether trading or holding digital assets is suitable for you in light of your financial condition. Please consult your legal/ tax/ investment professional for questions about your specific circumstances.
By using the third-party website ("TPW"), you accept that any use of the TPW will be subject to and governed by the terms of the TPW. Unless expressly stated in writing, OKX and its affiliates ("OKX") are not in any way associated with the owner or operator of the TPW. You agree that OKX is not responsible or liable for any loss, damage and any other consequences arising from your use of the TPW. Please be aware that using a TPW may result in a loss or diminution of your assets.
DAI is a decentralized stablecoin designed to maintain a value of one US dollar. It is a product of MakerDAO, a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) built on the Ethereum blockchain. The project was proposed by Rune Christensen, the founder of MakerDAO, in 2014 to create a stablecoin that was decentralized, transparent, and backed by collateral.
The first version of DAI, called Single-Collateral Dai, was launched in December 2017 and was initially backed only by Ethereum (ETH). Later, the Dai Stablecoin System evolved into a Multi-Collateral Dai system that allows different assets as collateral to back the stablecoin.
DAI has gained popularity as one of the most widely used decentralized stablecoins in the cryptocurrency ecosystem. By being backed by collateral and not pegged to a fiat currency, DAI can maintain its value stability while being transparent and accessible to everyone.
Unlike traditional stablecoins, such as Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC), which are backed by fiat currency reserves, DAI is backed by collateral. Specifically, it is supported by Ethereum and other ERC-20 tokens deposited into a smart contract called a collateralized debt position (CDP).
The value of the collateral is maintained at a minimum of 150% of the value of the DAI that is issued. This ensures that there is always sufficient collateral to back the stablecoin and maintain its stability.
How does DAI work
The technology behind DAI is complex but can be broken down into several key components. The first component of the DAI technology is the CDP smart contract. This smart contract is used to collateralize assets to back the DAI stablecoin. Users can deposit Ethereum and other ERC-20 tokens into a CDP and receive DAI in return.
The value of the collateral is maintained at a minimum of 150% of the value of the DAI that is issued. This ensures that there is always sufficient collateral to back the stablecoin and maintain its stability.
The second component of the DAI technology is the stability mechanism. The stability mechanism is designed to ensure that the price of DAI remains stable at one US dollar. If the price of DAI rises above one US dollar, then the MakerDAO system incentivizes users to create more DAI by lowering the interest rate on CDPs.
If the price of DAI falls below one US dollar, then the MakerDAO system incentivizes users to buy back DAI by raising the interest rate on CDPs. This mechanism ensures that the price of DAI remains stable over time.
The third component of the DAI technology is the governance system. The governance system is used to manage the MakerDAO platform and make decisions about its future. Anyone who holds the DAI governance token can participate in the governance system.
The system is designed to be decentralized and transparent, with voting rights weighted by the amount of DAI each user holds. The governance system is responsible for making decisions about changes to the platform, such as adjusting the stability mechanism or adding new collateral types.
The final component of the DAI technology is the Ethereum blockchain itself. DAI is built on top of the Ethereum blockchain, which provides a secure and decentralized platform for creating and managing the stablecoin. The Ethereum blockchain stores the smart contracts that power the DAI system and executes transactions between users.
What is DAI used for
The DAI stablecoin is used for various purposes in the cryptocurrency ecosystem. One of its most significant use cases is as a medium of exchange. It can be used to buy and sell goods and services like any other currency. Additionally, it can be used as a store of value, as its price stability makes it an attractive alternative to volatile cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH).
Another critical use case for DAI is accessing decentralized finance (DeFi) applications. DeFi is a new and rapidly growing field that uses blockchain technology to create financial applications that are decentralized, transparent, and accessible to everyone.
Many DeFi applications use DAI as a stablecoin because it offers a stable value that is not subject to the volatility of other cryptocurrencies. As a result, DAI is used in various DeFi applications, including lending, borrowing, and trading.
The DAI token itself is used to govern the MakerDAO platform. Holders of DAI can participate in the MakerDAO governance system, allowing them to vote on proposals and make decisions about the platform's future. The governance system is designed to be decentralized and transparent; anyone can participate by holding DAI tokens.
About the founders
The founders of MakerDAO are Rune Christensen and Andy Milenius.Rune Christensen is the CEO and co-founder of MakerDAO. He has a background in design and entrepreneurship, having previously founded a web development and design agency. Christensen has been the driving force behind the creation of DAI and the MakerDAO platform.
Andy Milenius was the CTO and co-founder of MakerDAO. He has a background in software engineering, having previously worked at Google and several startups. Milenius was responsible for the technical design of the MakerDAO platform, including the development of the smart contracts that power the system. Milenius left the company in 2019.
The MakerDAO team has created a revolutionary stablecoin backed by collateral and designed to maintain a stable value of one US dollar. The team has a deep understanding of blockchain technology and has been working on the concept of a decentralized stablecoin for several years.
The MakerDAO team is highly respected in the blockchain community and has received several awards and accolades. Additionally, the MakerDAO platform has been recognized as one of the world's most innovative and impactful blockchain projects.
Number of posts mentioning a token in the last 24h. This can help gauge the level of interest surrounding this token.
Contributors
Number of individuals posting about a token in the last 24h. A higher number of contributors can suggest improved token performance.
Interactions
Sum of socially-driven online engagement in the last 24h, such as likes, comments, and reposts. High engagement levels can indicate strong interest in a token.
Sentiment
Percentage score reflecting post sentiment in the last 24h. A high percentage score correlates with positive sentiment and can indicate improved market performance.
Volume rank
Volume refers to post volume in the last 24h. A higher volume ranking reflects a token’s favored position relative to other tokens.
In the last 24 hours, there have been 9.5K new posts about DAI, driven by 6.6K contributors, and total online engagement reached 13M social interactions. The sentiment score for DAI currently stands at 72%. Compared to all cryptocurrencies, post volume for DAI currently ranks at --. Keep an eye on changes to social metrics as they can be key indicators of the influence and reach of DAI.
Powered by LunarCrush
Posts
9,537
Contributors
6,592
Interactions
12,938,489
Sentiment
72%
Volume rank
--
X
Posts
4,308
Interactions
4,214,623
Sentiment
68%
DAI FAQ
What is DAI, and how is it created?
DAI is a stablecoin created through the Maker Protocol, a decentralized finance (DeFi) platform built on the Ethereum blockchain. DAI is generated by users who deposit collateral, such as Ether, into Maker Vaults and then mint DAI against that collateral. The Maker Protocol uses a system of smart contracts to ensure that the value of the collateral consistently exceeds the value of the DAI created, which helps to maintain the stability of the DAI token.
Where can I buy DAI?
Easily buy DAI tokens on the OKX cryptocurrency platform. One available trading pair in the OKX spot trading terminal is DAI/USDT.
DAI holders can store their tokens in various cryptocurrency wallets, including hardware and software wallets. However, storing DAI in a secure wallet is essential to protect it from potential hacks or theft.
We provide a highly secure and multi-chain OKX Web3 Wallet with all OKX accounts. It can safely store DAI or any other cryptocurrency for as long as needed. In addition, the OKX Web3 Wallet features bank-grade security and inbuilt access to hundreds of decentralizedapplications (DApps) and the OKX NFT Marketplace.
What is the Maker Protocol, and how does it work?
The Maker Protocol is a DeFi platform that powers the creation of the DAI stablecoin. The Protocol uses a system of smart contracts to allow users to deposit collateral into Maker Vaults and mint DAI against that collateral.
The Maker Protocol also includes the MakerDAO governance system, which allows users to vote on changes to the platform, such as adjustments to the stability fee or collateralization ratio. The Maker Protocol is designed to be decentralized and transparent, with no central authority controlling the creation or management of DAI.
How does DAI ensure liquidity for its users?
DAI ensures liquidity for its users through several mechanisms. First, because DAI is a stablecoin with a value pegged to the US dollar, it can be easily exchanged for other cryptocurrencies or fiat currencies.
Additionally, DAI is listed on several cryptocurrency exchanges, including OKX, which provides users access to liquidity in various markets. Finally, the Maker Protocol includes a system of auctions that can be used to buy and sell DAI in the event of extreme market volatility, which helps maintain the token's stability and ensure that users can always access liquidity when they need it.
What is the difference between DAI and other stablecoins?
Unlike other stablecoins backed by fiat currency or commodities, DAI is backed by CDPs on the Ethereum blockchain. This means that DAI's stability is not tied to any centralized authority or external asset, making it a more decentralized and transparent stablecoin option.
Additionally, because the value of DAI is not tied to any specific asset, it can be used in a broader range of applications. As a result, it can be more easily integrated into DeFi ecosystems.
How does the DAI ecosystem incentivize stability?
The DAI ecosystem incentivizes stability through a system of penalties and rewards. If the value of DAI falls below its $1 peg, users who hold DAI can vote to increase the stability fee, which increases the cost of creating new DAI and incentivizes users to hold or buy DAI until the price stabilizes. Conversely, if the value of DAI rises above its $1 peg, the stability fee is lowered, incentivizing users to sell DAI and bringing the price back down.
What is the stability fee, and how does it affect DAI?
The stability fee is a fee paid by users who generate new DAI through collateralized debt positions (CDPs). The fee incentivizes users to hold or buy DAI when its value falls below the $1 peg.
Suppose the value of DAI falls below $1. In that case, the stability fee is raised, which increases the cost of generating new DAI and incentivizes users to hold or buy existing DAI until the price stabilizes. Conversely, if the value of DAI rises above $1, the stability fee is lowered, incentivizing users to sell DAI and bringing the price back down.
What is the role of MKR in the DAI ecosystem?
MKR is the native cryptocurrency of the MakerDAO platform, which powers the DAI stablecoin. MKR is used to govern the MakerDAO platform and to vote on changes to the system, such as changes to the stability fee.
Additionally, when users generate new DAI through collateralized debt positions (CDPs), they must pay a small amount of MKR as a transaction fee. The MKR collected from these transaction fees is burned, which reduces the total supply of MKR over time.
What is the DAI savings rate?
The DAI savings rate is an annualized interest rate paid to users who hold DAI in a designated savings account. The DAI savings rate is calculated based on the stability fee, the interest rate charged on collateral deposited in Maker Vaults.
When the stability fee is higher than the DAI savings rate, users are incentivized to hold DAI in the savings account and earn interest rather than using it to generate more DAI. The DAI savings rate can vary over time based on changes to the stability fee and demand for DAI. Holding DAI in the savings account can be a helpful strategy for users who want to earn a return on their assets without exposing themselves to excessive risk.
Is DAI safe to use?
DAI is built on the Ethereum blockchain, known for its robust security features. Additionally, because DAI operates in a decentralized manner, it is not subject to the same risks as traditional fiat currencies.
However, as with any crypto asset, including stablecoins and cryptos like Bitcoin (BTC) or XRP (XRP), there are risks associated with using DAI, such as the risk of price changes and volatility, the risk of losing access to your funds if you lose your private keys, and the risk of smart contract bugs.
Can the all-time high and all-time low for DAI be used to predict future price movements?
While the all-time high and all-time low for DAI can provide helpful context for traders, they should not be used as the basis for making purchasing decisions.The price of DAI, like any asset, is influenced by various factors, including market conditions, demand for the token, and overall sentiment toward the DeFi ecosystem. Therefore, it's essential to do your own research, stay informed about market trends, and consider all factors before buying DAI.
What affects the maximum supply of DAI?
The max supply of DAI is not fixed but is instead determined by the demand for the token and the amount of collateral held in Maker Vaults. As more collateral is deposited into Maker Vaults, more DAI can be generated, increasing the token supply.
Conversely, if the value of the collateral falls or demand for DAI decreases, the token supply can be reduced. This flexible supply mechanism helps to ensure that the value of DAI remains stable and that the token can be easily exchanged for other assets.
What is the future of DAI?
The future of DAI looks promising. As the cryptocurrency market continues to mature, stablecoins like DAI are becoming more widely adopted to avoid the volatility associated with other digital currencies.
Additionally, as the Ethereum ecosystem grows, more decentralized applications are being built on top of the platform, likely increasing the demand for DAI. Finally, the development team behind DAI is constantly working to improve the system's stability and add new features, which should help drive adoption in the future.
How much is 1 DAI worth today?
Currently, one DAI is worth $0.99990. For answers and insight into DAI's price action, you're in the right place. Explore the latest DAI charts and trade responsibly with OKX.
What is cryptocurrency?
Cryptocurrencies, such as DAI, are digital assets that operate on a public ledger called blockchains. Learn more about coins and tokens offered on OKX and their different attributes, which includes live prices and real-time charts.
When was cryptocurrency invented?
Thanks to the 2008 financial crisis, interest in decentralized finance boomed. Bitcoin offered a novel solution by being a secure digital asset on a decentralized network. Since then, many other tokens such as DAI have been created as well.
Watch this video to learn about what happens when you move your money to a crypto exchange.
ESG Disclosure
ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
Asset details
Name
OKcoin Europe LTD
Relevant legal entity identifier
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42
Name of the crypto-asset
Dai Token
Consensus Mechanism
Dai Token is present on the following networks: binance_smart_chain, ethereum.
Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses a hybrid consensus mechanism called Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA), which combines elements of Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and Proof of Authority (PoA). This method ensures fast block times and low fees while maintaining a level of decentralization and security. Core Components 1. Validators (so-called “Cabinet Members”): Validators on BSC are responsible for producing new blocks, validating transactions, and maintaining the network’s security. To become a validator, an entity must stake a significant amount of BNB (Binance Coin). Validators are selected through staking and voting by token holders. There are 21 active validators at any given time, rotating to ensure decentralization and security. 2. Delegators: Token holders who do not wish to run validator nodes can delegate their BNB tokens to validators. This delegation helps validators increase their stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Delegators earn a share of the rewards that validators receive, incentivizing broad participation in network security. 3. Candidates: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are in the pool waiting to become validators. They are essentially potential validators who are not currently active but can be elected to the validator set through community voting. Candidates play a crucial role in ensuring there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, thus maintaining network resilience and decentralization. Consensus Process 4. Validator Selection: Validators are chosen based on the amount of BNB staked and votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. The selection process involves both the current validators and the pool of candidates, ensuring a dynamic and secure rotation of nodes. 5. Block Production: The selected validators take turns producing blocks in a PoA-like manner, ensuring that blocks are generated quickly and efficiently. Validators validate transactions, add them to new blocks, and broadcast these blocks to the network. 6. Transaction Finality: BSC achieves fast block times of around 3 seconds and quick transaction finality. This is achieved through the efficient PoSA mechanism that allows validators to rapidly reach consensus. Security and Economic Incentives 7. Staking: Validators are required to stake a substantial amount of BNB, which acts as collateral to ensure their honest behavior. This staked amount can be slashed if validators act maliciously. Staking incentivizes validators to act in the network's best interest to avoid losing their staked BNB. 8. Delegation and Rewards: Delegators earn rewards proportional to their stake in validators. This incentivizes them to choose reliable validators and participate in the network’s security. Validators and delegators share transaction fees as rewards, which provides continuous economic incentives to maintain network security and performance. 9. Transaction Fees: BSC employs low transaction fees, paid in BNB, making it cost-effective for users. These fees are collected by validators as part of their rewards, further incentivizing them to validate transactions accurately and efficiently.
The Ethereum network uses a Proof-of-Stake Consensus Mechanism to validate new transactions on the blockchain. Core Components 1. Validators: Validators are responsible for proposing and validating new blocks. To become a validator, a user must deposit (stake) 32 ETH into a smart contract. This stake acts as collateral and can be slashed if the validator behaves dishonestly. 2. Beacon Chain: The Beacon Chain is the backbone of Ethereum 2.0. It coordinates the network of validators and manages the consensus protocol. It is responsible for creating new blocks, organizing validators into committees, and implementing the finality of blocks. Consensus Process 1. Block Proposal: Validators are chosen randomly to propose new blocks. This selection is based on a weighted random function (WRF), where the weight is determined by the amount of ETH staked. 2. Attestation: Validators not proposing a block participate in attestation. They attest to the validity of the proposed block by voting for it. Attestations are then aggregated to form a single proof of the block’s validity. 3. Committees: Validators are organized into committees to streamline the validation process. Each committee is responsible for validating blocks within a specific shard or the Beacon Chain itself. This ensures decentralization and security, as a smaller group of validators can quickly reach consensus. 4. Finality: Ethereum 2.0 uses a mechanism called Casper FFG (Friendly Finality Gadget) to achieve finality. Finality means that a block and its transactions are considered irreversible and confirmed. Validators vote on the finality of blocks, and once a supermajority is reached, the block is finalized. 5. Incentives and Penalties: Validators earn rewards for participating in the network, including proposing blocks and attesting to their validity. Conversely, validators can be penalized (slashed) for malicious behavior, such as double-signing or being offline for extended periods. This ensures honest participation and network security.
Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees
Dai Token is present on the following networks: binance_smart_chain, ethereum.
Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses the Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) consensus mechanism to ensure network security and incentivize participation from validators and delegators. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators must stake a significant amount of BNB to participate in the consensus process. They earn rewards in the form of transaction fees and block rewards. Selection Process: Validators are selected based on the amount of BNB staked and the votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chances of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. 2. Delegators: Delegated Staking: Token holders can delegate their BNB to validators. This delegation increases the validator's total stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Shared Rewards: Delegators earn a portion of the rewards that validators receive. This incentivizes token holders to participate in the network’s security and decentralization by choosing reliable validators. 3. Candidates: Pool of Potential Validators: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are waiting to become active validators. They ensure that there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, maintaining network resilience. 4. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior or failure to perform their duties. Penalties include slashing a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring that validators act in the best interest of the network. Opportunity Cost: Staking requires validators and delegators to lock up their BNB tokens, providing an economic incentive to act honestly to avoid losing their staked assets. Fees on the Binance Smart Chain 5. Transaction Fees: Low Fees: BSC is known for its low transaction fees compared to other blockchain networks. These fees are paid in BNB and are essential for maintaining network operations and compensating validators. Dynamic Fee Structure: Transaction fees can vary based on network congestion and the complexity of the transactions. However, BSC ensures that fees remain significantly lower than those on the Ethereum mainnet. 6. Block Rewards: Incentivizing Validators: Validators earn block rewards in addition to transaction fees. These rewards are distributed to validators for their role in maintaining the network and processing transactions. 7. Cross-Chain Fees: Interoperability Costs: BSC supports cross-chain compatibility, allowing assets to be transferred between Binance Chain and Binance Smart Chain. These cross-chain operations incur minimal fees, facilitating seamless asset transfers and improving user experience. 8. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Execution Costs: Deploying and interacting with smart contracts on BSC involves paying fees based on the computational resources required. These fees are also paid in BNB and are designed to be cost-effective, encouraging developers to build on the BSC platform.
Ethereum, particularly after transitioning to Ethereum 2.0 (Eth2), employs a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism to secure its network. The incentives for validators and the fee structures play crucial roles in maintaining the security and efficiency of the blockchain. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Staking Rewards: Validator Rewards: Validators are essential to the PoS mechanism. They are responsible for proposing and validating new blocks. To participate, they must stake a minimum of 32 ETH. In return, they earn rewards for their contributions, which are paid out in ETH. These rewards are a combination of newly minted ETH and transaction fees from the blocks they validate. Reward Rate: The reward rate for validators is dynamic and depends on the total amount of ETH staked in the network. The more ETH staked, the lower the individual reward rate, and vice versa. This is designed to balance the network's security and the incentive to participate. 2. Transaction Fees: Base Fee: After the implementation of Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) 1559, the transaction fee model changed to include a base fee that is burned (i.e., removed from circulation). This base fee adjusts dynamically based on network demand, aiming to stabilize transaction fees and reduce volatility. Priority Fee (Tip): Users can also include a priority fee (tip) to incentivize validators to include their transactions more quickly. This fee goes directly to the validators, providing them with an additional incentive to process transactions efficiently. 3. Penalties for Malicious Behavior: Slashing: Validators face penalties (slashing) if they engage in malicious behavior, such as double-signing or validating incorrect information. Slashing results in the loss of a portion of their staked ETH, discouraging bad actors and ensuring that validators act in the network's best interest. Inactivity Penalties: Validators also face penalties for prolonged inactivity. This ensures that validators remain active and engaged in maintaining the network's security and operation. Fees Applicable on the Ethereum Blockchain 1. Gas Fees: Calculation: Gas fees are calculated based on the computational complexity of transactions and smart contract executions. Each operation on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) has an associated gas cost. Dynamic Adjustment: The base fee introduced by EIP-1559 dynamically adjusts according to network congestion. When demand for block space is high, the base fee increases, and when demand is low, it decreases. 2. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Interaction: Deploying a smart contract on Ethereum involves paying gas fees proportional to the contract's complexity and size. Interacting with deployed smart contracts (e.g., executing functions, transferring tokens) also incurs gas fees. Optimizations: Developers are incentivized to optimize their smart contracts to minimize gas usage, making transactions more cost-effective for users. 3. Asset Transfer Fees: Token Transfers: Transferring ERC-20 or other token standards involves gas fees. These fees vary based on the token's contract implementation and the current network demand.
Beginning of the period to which the disclosure relates
2024-04-20
End of the period to which the disclosure relates
2025-04-20
Energy report
Energy consumption
38501.82538 (kWh/a)
Energy consumption sources and methodologies
The energy consumption of this asset is aggregated across multiple components:
To determine the energy consumption of a token, the energy consumption of the network(s) binance_smart_chain, ethereum is calculated first. Based on the crypto asset's gas consumption per network, the share of the total consumption of the respective network that is assigned to this asset is defined. When calculating the energy consumption, we used - if available - the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) to determine all implementations of the asset of question in scope and we update the mappings regulary, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation.
Start your crypto journey
Faster, better, stronger than your average crypto exchange.
Socials